Chinese expert consensus on the nursing management of the totally implantable venous access device.

The totally implantable venous access device (TIVAD) has been widely used in clinical nursing work in China. The use of TIVAD has significantly improved the safety of venous access and reduced the pain caused by a repeated puncture; however, it may also bring with it varying degrees of complications associated with the long-term insertion of TIVAD and the maintenance quality of the venous access. Standard maintenance of the venous access for TIVAD is very important for reducing complications and improving the efficacy and patient's quality of life. This consensus briefly describes the fundamental knowledge and operating procedures of TIVAD while focusing on the evaluation and management of perioperative nursing, the observation and treatment of complications, the operation methods, and precautions for maintenance of venous access, as well as health education. This agreement seeks to standardize the nursing care of TIVAD patients in China.

Helichrysetin inhibits gastric cancer growth by targeting c-Myc/PDHK1 axis-mediated energy metabolism reprogramming.

Helichrysetin (HEL), a chalcone isolated from Alpinia katsumadai Hayata, has an antitumor activity in human lung and cervical cancers. However, the inhibitory effect and underlying mechanism of HEL in gastric cancer have not been elucidated. Here, HEL significantly inhibited the growth of gastric cancer MGC803 cells in vitro and in vivo. HEL decreased expression and transcriptional regulatory activity of c-Myc and mRNA expression of c-Myc target genes. HEL enhanced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and reduced glycolysis as evidenced by increased mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and decreased the pPDHA1/PDHA1 ratio and Glyco-ATP production. Pyruvate enhanced OXPHOS after HEL treatment. c-Myc overexpression abolished HEL-induced inhibition of cell viability, glycolysis, and protein expression of PDHK1 and LDHA. PDHK1 overexpression also counteracted inhibitory effect of HEL on cell viability. Conversely, c-Myc siRNA decreased cell viability, glycolysis, and PDHK1 expression. NAC rescued the decrease in viability of HEL-treated cells. Additionally, HEL inhibited the overactivated mTOR/p70S6K pathway in vitro and in vivo. HEL-induced cell viability inhibition was counteracted by an mTOR agonist. mTOR inhibitor also decreased cell viability. Similar results were obtained in SGC7901 cells. HEL repressed lactate production and efflux in MGC803 cells. These results revealed that HEL inhibits gastric cancer growth by targeting mTOR/p70S6K/c-Myc/PDHK1-mediated energy metabolism reprogramming in cancer cells. Therefore, HEL may be a potential agent for gastric cancer treatment by modulating cancer energy metabolism reprogramming.

Impact of region of interest size on transcranial sonography based computer-aided diagnosis for Parkinson's disease.

Transcranial sonography (TCS) has gained increasing application for diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) in clinical practice in recent years, because most PD patients, even in the early stage of PD, have abnormal hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra (SN) in brainstem shown in TCS images. Therefore, the region of interest (ROI) for feature extraction should cover the SN region in a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system. The ROI size naturally affects the feature representation. However, there currently exist no unified standard for determining the size of ROI. In this work, we quantitatively compare the performance of TCS-based CAD with three sizes of ROIs, namely the entire midbrain (EM) region, the half of midbrain (HoM) region and the SN region. The experimental results on the original extracted features and the features by dimensionality reduction show that ROI covering the EM region achieves the overall best diagnosis performance. The results indicates that the neighboring regions around SN might also have abnormal symptoms, which cannot be clearly observed with naked eyes. It suggests that the large ROI includes more information for feature representation to improve the diagnosis performance of TCS-based CAD for PD.

Metformin attenuates acute liver injury and inflammatory response induced by D-galactosamine in combination with Pam3CSK4 in SD rats / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To investigate the anti-injury and anti-inflammation protective effects of metformin in acute-liver-injury SD rat model induced by D-galactosamine and Pam3CSK4 .Methods Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with the mixture of D-galactosamine (350 mg/kg ) and Pam3CSK4 (50 μg/kg ) by intraperitoneal injection (i .p .) to construct acute liver injury model .The rats in intervention group were given PBS and metformin ,respectively .The liver and body weight were measured and the ratio of liver weight to body weight was calculated .HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the liver .Fasting serum was collected for detection of serological parameters .ELISA and RT-qPCR were used to determine the expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α.Finally , activation of MAPK signal pathway in rat liver was detected by Western blot .Results Compared with those in control group , the ratio of body weight to liver weight , serum transaminase and proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-a were all significantly increased in the two intervention groups .Meanwhile , hepatic degeneration and hepatic interstitial exudation indicated that D -galactosamine combined with Pam3CSK4 successfully constructed acute liver injury model in the SD rats.Compared with PBS group, the ratio of body weight to liver weight , hepatic damage , serum transaminase levels.and the expressions of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-a were significantly decreased in metformin-treated group.Meanwhile,the expressions of p-ERKl/2,p-SAPK/JNK and p-P38 MAPK decreased in liver tissues by metformin pretreatment,suggesting that metformin may play an anti-inflammatory effect by suppressing MAPK signaling pathway.Conclusion Metformin attenuated inflammatory reactions in SD rats with acute liver injury induced by D -galactosamine and Pam3CSK4.

Alterations in serotonin, transient receptor potential channels and protease-activated receptors in rats with irritable bowel syndrome attenuated by Shugan decoction.

AIM: To determine the molecular mechanisms of Shugan decoction (SGD) in the regulation of colonic motility and visceral hyperalgesia (VHL) in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). METHODS: The chemical compounds contained in SGD were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. A rat model of IBS was induced by chronic water avoidance stress (WAS). The number of fecal pellets was counted after WAS and the pain pressure threshold was measured by colorectal distension. Morphological changes in colonic mucosa were detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The contents of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in colonic tissue and calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) in serum were measured by ELISA. The protein expression of serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamide (5-HT)], serotonin transporter (SERT), chromogranin A (CgA) and CGRP in colon tissue was measured by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: SGD inhibited colonic motility dysfunction and VHL in rats with IBS. Blockers of transient receptor potential (TRP) vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) (Ruthenium Red) and TRP ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) (HC-030031) and activator of protease-activated receptor (PAR)4 increased the pain pressure threshold, whereas activators of PAR2 and TRPV4 decreased the pain pressure threshold in rats with IBS. The effect of SGD on pain pressure threshold in these rats was abolished by activators of TRPV1 (capsaicin), TRPV4 (RN1747), TRPA1 (Polygodial) and PAR2 (AC55541). In addition, CGRP levels in serum and colonic tissue were both increased in these rats. TNF-α level in colonic tissue was also significantly upregulated. However, the levels of 5-HT, SERT and CgA in colonic tissue were decreased. All these pathological changes in rats with IBS were attenuated by SGD. CONCLUSION: SGD alleviated VHL and attenuated colon motility in IBS, partly by regulating TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPA1, PAR2, 5-HT, CgA and SERT, and reducing CGRP and TNF-α level.

[Tongxie Yaofang inhibits the contraction of colonic smooth muscle isolated from rats through a mechanism related to calcium mobilization].

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between the inhibitory effects of Tongxie Yaofang, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on the contraction of the colonic smooth muscle isolated from rats and calcium mobilization. METHODS: By measuring the tension of the isolated colonic smooth muscle strips, the inhibitory effects of Tongxie Yaofang on the contraction induced by acetylcholine (ACh), KCl and exhausting Ca(2+) of internal calcium store were assessed respectively. RESULTS: Tongxie Yaofang could concentration-dependently inhibit the contraction of isolated rat colonic smooth muscle strips induced by KCl and exhausting the Ca(2+) of internal calcium store. Tongxie Yaofang could also inhibit the tension of the second contractile phase induced by ACh (P<0.01, vs control), but had no influence on the first contractile phase. CONCLUSION: Tongxie Yaofang can inhibit the contraction of isolated rat colonic smooth muscle strips mainly by preventing the influx of extracellular Ca(2+), which may be associated with blocking voltage-dependent channel, store-operated channel and receptor-operated channel, but not by preventing the release of internal Ca(2+) from calcium store.